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In particular, Lars Bergstrom spoke about the experience of porting projects written in Go or C++ to the Rust programming language.
Bergstrom said that while Dropbox in 2016 and Figma in 2018 offered early descriptions of rewriting code in memory-safe Rust — and doubts regarding performance and language have subsided — There are still concerns about its reliability and safety.
But there have been significant changes in the software development ecosystem.
For example, in a new report, the White House Office of National Cyber Director (ONCD) called on developers to use “memory-safe programming languages” and move away from C or C++ programming tools. The advice is a step toward “protecting the building blocks of cyberspace.”
According to the government, C and C++ allow arbitrary arithmetic with pointers to direct memory addresses without bounds checking. At the same time, C++ author Bjarne Stroustrup criticized the US government.
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“I find it strange that the authors of these regulations are oblivious to the strengths of modern C++ and security efforts,” — he noted.
The main problem is that most security vulnerabilities in large code bases can be traced back to memory safety bugs. And Rust can largely, if not completely, avoid such problems if used correctly.
Back in September 2022, Microsoft Azure CTO Mark Russinovich argued that software projects that may have started in C/C++ should use Rust. This recommendation now extends beyond new projects and calls for reworking old code.
Rust is better than C++, and Kotlin is better than Java
Lars Bergstrom notes that rewriting Go code in Rust has shown significant benefits.
“When we rewrote the systems from Go to Rust, we found that it took about the same team size, about the same amount of time, to build them. That is, there is no loss of performance when switching from Go to Rust. And interestingly, we see some benefits from this,” Bergstrom said.
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More important, according to Bergstrom, is the comparison of reworking C++ code in Rust.
“In each case, we saw a reduction by more than half in the amount of effort required both to create services in Rust and to maintain and update those services written in Rust. This is really significant for us because C++ code is very expensive. These are big teams and a lot of work. There are risks,” he said.
Bergstrom said that Google is doing a similar migration, moving developers from Java to Kotlin, and that the time it takes to retrain developers in both cases — Java on Kotlin and C++ on Rust — was the same.
That means after two months, about a third of developers think they are just as productive in their new language as they were in their old language.
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