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Three years ago, a research group at the University of Pisa decided to decipher the Herculaneum Scrolls using a new technology known as the “bionic eye”. The scrolls were discovered in the 18th century, and many scientists have tried to restore them. However, most of these historical documents could not be read due to their poor condition (which can be seen in the photo).
Mount Vesuvius destroyed 1,800 scrolls at Herculaneum in an eruption in 79 AD that also buried Pompeii. The eruption turned the scrolls into coal; researchers have been trying to read the remains for several centuries.
Archaeologists found scrolls of Herculaneum in the “Villa of the Papyri,” which belonged to Julius Caesar’s father-in-law. He owned the only classical library that survived the Greco-Roman period. It is believed that the papyri contained the works of Sophocles, Epicurus and Aristotle. The loss of these scrolls is almost as significant as the works destroyed by the great fire in the Library of Alexandria.
Papyrologist Graziano Ranocchia of the University of Pisa announced encouraging preliminary results from his Greek Schools project at the National Library of Naples. The “Bionic Eye” allowed his research team to read about 1,000 words from the history of the Academy of Philodemus of Gadara, the Epicurean poet and philosopher. Scientists have penetrated layers of carbon using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and infrared hyperspectral imaging techniques.
OCT technology produces high-resolution cross-sectional images. Infrared hyperspectral imaging has different subsets from near to mid to far. Simply put, it can reveal hidden details of an object that are invisible to the naked eye. These methods brought to the surface a 2000-year-old text.
Researchers believe they have identified Plato's burial site. According to the findings, he is buried in a private area in the garden of the Academy, near the Sanctuary of the Muses. The Roman dictator Sulla destroyed Plato's Academy in 86 BC, but archaeologists found it in the 20th century. Now the place is open to the public, archaeologists have carefully examined it, but, as it turns out, something else can always be found.
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“The text also talks about Plato’s last night. He had a high fever and was bothered by the music playing,” says Ranocchia.
In addition, it turns out that Plato was sold as a slave on the island of Aegina in 404 BC, when the Spartans conquered the island, or after the death of Socrates. This contradicts previous scholarly beliefs that it was sold in 387 BC in Syracuse, Sicily. The research project will last until 2026, the “Bionic Eye” will penetrate into previously inaccessible layers.
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